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About Mandalay Palace - 2

Saturday, 01 November 2008 23:21 webmaster MAIN - MAIN
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    The features which may be said to have been, on the whole, common to pan-Asiatic cities and palaces are the following : The city was surrounded by high fortified walls, generally forming a square and surmounted by bastions and towers, a deep moat running all along these walls; the number of gates giving access into the city through these walls was not always exactly the same in every case; but there is a number of instances in which twelve gates are mentioned, as at Mandalay. The palace was erected in the centre, or very nearly the centre, in most cases, of the city, that is, of the square enclosed by the fortified walls; the palace was built on a basement or terrace raised pretty high from the ground, and enclosed by a retaining masonry wall; this basement was generally longer than it was broad, that is, it was rectangular in shape. The buildings on this terrace, the agglomeration of which formed the palace as a whole, were constructed of wood and of only one storey; they were beautifully adorned with sculptures and mosaics, and heavily gilt and painted. Another feature was that the palace, for greater security to its inmates, was surrounded at no great distance by two or three enclosing walls.
 
 
Marco Polo’s description of Kublai Khan’s City and Palace — The description given by Marco Polo of the Palace of the great Kublai Khan (1260-1294 A.D.), the first Emperor of the Mongol dynasty in China, and his capital of Khan Baliq (Peking), Which he founded in 1264 near the site of the old city, corresponds almost exactly to that of Mandalay, and is most interesting in that it bears out what has been said above about the latter having been built according to traditional models—Khan Baliq not being an exception—which were found scattered over a large area of the Asiatic continent. It is as follows: — “It (the palace of Kublai) is enclosed all round by a great wall forming a square, each side of which is a mile in length; that is to say, the whole compass there of is four miles. This you, may depend on; it is also very thick, and a good ten paces in height, white-washed and loopholed all round. At each angle of the wall there is a fine and rich palace in which the war-harness of the Emperor is kept…………. Also midway between every two of these Corner Palaces there is another of the like...........This great wall has five gates on its southern face, the middle one being the gate which is never opened on any occasion except when the great Khan himself goes forth or enters............. Inside this wall there is a second, enclosing a space that is somewhat greater in length than in breadth. This enclosure has also, eight palaces corresponding to those of the outer wall, and stored like them with the Lord’s harness of war. This wall hath also five gates on the southern face corresponding to those in the outer wall, and hath one gate on each of the other faces. In the middle of the second enclosure is the Lord’s Great Palace, and I will tell you what it is like.
 
 
“ You must know that it is the greatest palace that ever was. The palace itself has no upper storey, but it is all on the ground floor, only the basement is raised some ten palms above the surrounding soil, and this elevation is retained by a wall of marble raised to the level of the pavement, two paces in width and projecting beyond the base of the palace as to form a kind of terrace-walk ………….. The roof is very lofty, and the walls are all covered with gold and silver. They are also adorned with representations of dragons, sculptured and gilt, beasts and birds, knights and idols and sundry other objects. And on the ceiling too you see nothing but gold and silver painting. On each of the four sides there is a great marble staircase leading to the top of the marble wall (that is, on the basement), and forming the approach to the palace ……..It is quite a marvel to see how many rooms there are…………on the interior side of the palace are large buildings with halls and chambers where the Emperor’s private property is kept, such as his treasure of gold, gems, etc. …………. and in which reside the ladies and concubines. There, besides himself, no one has access. Between the two walls of the enclosure I have described, there are fine parks and beautiful trees.”
 
 
    The above is the description of the palace itself in the centre of its two enclosing walls. Of the fortified wall surrounding the whole city he says:— “ The city is all walled round with walls of earth (forming a square) which have a thickness of full ten paces at bottom, and a height of more than ten paces; but they are not so thick at the top, for they diminish in thickness as they rise, so that at the top they are about three paces thick. And they are provided throughout with loop-holed battlements, which are all whitewashed. There are twelve gates, and over each gate there is a great and handsome palace, so that there are on each side three gates and five palaces; for I ought to mention there is at each angle a great and handsome palace ………. The streets are so straight and wide that you can see right along them from end to end …………. Moreover in the middle of the city there is a great clock — that is to say a bell. All the plots of ground on which the houses of the city are built are four square, and laid out with straight lines; all the plots being occupied by great and spacious palaces, with courts and gardens of proportionate size. All these plots were assigned to different heads of families. Each square plot is encompassed by handsome streets for traffic; and thus the whole city is arranged in squares like a chess-board and disposed in a manner so perfect and masterly that it is impossible to give a description that should do it justice.”
 
 
    If we take into consideration that what Marco Polo describes on the top of the gates and on the walls were merely towers, answering to the pavilions or pyatthats (a construction with multiple receding roofs) on the wall of Mandalay city, it will be seen how very much alike are the two descriptions. The points of resemblance in the general plan of both the cities are too numerous to be merely fortuitous. It will be remarked that, in both cases, the palace proper, which consists of a single storey, is built of wood on a masonry basement forming a rectangle; this is immediately surrounded by enclosure walls. The streets within the city are straight, cutting one another at right angles and leading from gate to gate; in both the cities it is within the crenellated walls and the palace’s enclosing outer wall that the streets are laid, and, in the squares thus formed, that the dwellings of the high officials are situated; both have a clock-tower or belltower to strike the time. The walls around the city form a square. each side of which has three gate-ways, the middle one of which being, in both cases, used by the king; the walls are battlemented, and watch-towers or bastions with multiple roofs are seen on the walls at the corners and over the gates, as well as between them; and a large moat has been dug all round the city.
 Last Updated on Sunday, 02 November 2008 00:47  

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